VirtualBox + Ubuntu23搭建Kubernetes 1.28环境

作者： /
内容目录

1. 安装VirtualBox虚拟机

下载地址:

  1. Mac VirtuaBox
  2. Windows VirtulaBox

2. 下载Ubuntu 23 ISO

下载地址：Ubuntu 23

3. 创建虚拟机

菜单栏: Machine-> New,如下图所示：
file

file

file

file

file

file

设置网络：
file

file

安装Ubuntu 23操作系统

3.1 启动虚拟机开始安装操作系统

file

3.2 选择Ubuntu Server

file

3.3 两张网卡信息：

file

3.4 设置主机及账号信息

file

3.5 安装OpenSSH Server

file

3.6 开始安装

file

3.7 安装完成

file

4. 安装K8s

4.1 配置containerd运行环境

创建/etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf配置文件，确保在系统启动时自动加载所需的内核模块，以满足容器运行时的要求:


cat << EOF > /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF

配置生效


modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

4.2 创建/etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf


cat << EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
user.max_user_namespaces=28633
EOF

配置生效


sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf

4.3 开启ipvs


cat > /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf <<EOF
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
EOF

配置生效


modprobe ip_vs
modprobe ip_vs_rr
modprobe ip_vs_wrr
modprobe ip_vs_sh

安装ipvsadm


apt install -y ipset ipvsadm

4.5 安装containerd


wget https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.3/containerd-1.7.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz

解压缩


tar Cxzvf /usr/local containerd-1.7.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz

4.6 安装runc:


wget https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.9/runc.amd64
install -m 755 runc.amd64 /usr/local/sbin/runc

4.7 生成containerd配置


mkdir -p /etc/containerd
containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml

配置containerd使用systemd作为容器cgroup driver


[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
  ...
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
    SystemdCgroup = true

国内墙可修改

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri"]
  ...
  # sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.8"
  sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"

4.8 下载containerd.service

链接：https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/main/containerd.service


cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
[Unit]
Description=containerd container runtime
Documentation=https://containerd.io
After=network.target local-fs.target

[Service]
#uncomment to enable the experimental sbservice (sandboxed) version of containerd/cri integration
#Environment="ENABLE_CRI_SANDBOXES=sandboxed"
ExecStartPre=-/sbin/modprobe overlay
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd

Type=notify
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=always
RestartSec=5
# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead
# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
LimitNOFILE=infinity
# Comment TasksMax if your systemd version does not supports it.
# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.
TasksMax=infinity
OOMScoreAdjust=-999

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

4.9 配置Containerd开机启动


systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable containerd --now 
systemctl status containerd

4.10 安装Crictl


wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.28.0/crictl-v1.28.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf crictl-v1.28.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
install -m 755 crictl /usr/local/bin/crictl

测试Crictl


crictl --runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock  version

Version:  0.1.0
RuntimeName:  containerd
RuntimeVersion:  v1.7.3
RuntimeApiVersion:  v1

4.11 更新apt仓库


sudo apt-get update
# apt-transport-https may be a dummy package; if so, you can skip that package
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl

4.12 下载k8s包仓库公钥


curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.28/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg

4.13 添加k8s apt 仓库


echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.28/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list

4.14 安装kubelet, kubeadm和kubelet


sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl
sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl

4.15 关闭系统swap


swapoff -a

永久关闭


vim /etc/fstab

开机启动kubelet


systemctl enable kubelet

5. 初始化K8s集群


kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=your_host-only-ip --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

初始化完成后


mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

6. 安装Helm


wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.12.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf helm-v3.12.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz
install -m 755 linux-amd64/helm  /usr/local/bin/helm

7. 安装k8s网络插件

下载tigera-operator


wget https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/releases/download/v3.26.1/tigera-operator-v3.26.1.tgz

查看chart中可定制的配置


helm show values tigera-operator-v3.26.1.tgz

做点简单配置定制,保存为vlaues.yaml


apiServer:
  enabled: false
installation:
  kubeletVolumePluginPath: None

Heml安装colico


helm install calico tigera-operator-v3.26.1.tgz -n kube-system  --create-namespace -f values.yaml

等待Pod处于Running


kubectl get pod -n kube-system | grep tigera-operator

安装kubectl插件


cd /usr/local/bin
curl -o kubectl-calico -O -L  "https://github.com/projectcalico/calicoctl/releases/download/v3.21.5/calicoctl-linux-amd64" 
chmod +x kubectl-calico

验证是否正常工作


kubectl calico -h

8. 测试

8.1 验证k8s DNS


kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -it
nslookup kubernetes.default

8.2 发布一个nginx

命令


kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml

yaml文件如下：


apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  annotations:
    change-cause: "Rollout test"
spec:
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  replicas: 1
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 200m
          limits:
            cpu: 500m
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: nginx
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 40000
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 32000

9. FAQ

  1. Nameserver limits exceeded" err="Nameserver limits were exceeded, some nameservers have been omitted, the applied nameserver line is: 10.22.16.2 10.22.16.254 10.245.0.10"

/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf
# 注释掉几个ip
  1. Master节点作为Node

kubectl taint node k8s-master node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-
  1. 忘记join集群命令

kubeadm token create --print-join-command
  1. 部署curl测试

kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -it
  1. kubelet日志查看

journal -xeu kubelet
journal -xeu kubelet > kubelet.log
  1. kubeadm初始化有问题可以尝试reset后重新初始化

kubeadm reset

10. 参考链接

  1. Installing kubeadm

  2. 使用kubeadm部署Kubernetes 1.28

  3. Nameserver Known issues

  4. Windows minikube 安装

  5. Install Helm

相关文章

发表评论

您的电子邮箱地址不会被公开。 必填项已用 * 标注

滚动至顶部